Evolve Royalties to Acquire a Portfolio of Seven Royalties, Including Copper Royalties on Portions of Osisko Metals’ Gaspé Copper Project and Red Brook Property Recently Optioned by Osisko Metals
Original announcement by jmn on
- Company
- Evolve Royalties Ltd.
- Ticker
- EVR
- Exchange
- CSE
- Region
- Québec
- Primary commodity
- Copper
- Secondary commodities
- Silver, Molybdenum, Zinc, Gold, Alumina
- Document categories
- Agreement transaction, Drill results, Resource update
- Extracted
- 2026-10-19 14:20:56 UTC
Analysis by Minestarters Atlas
Atlas analysis published:
Minestarters Atlas analysis
Summary
Evolve Royalties has entered into binding letter agreements to acquire a portfolio of seven royalties and rights for approximately US$6.2 million. The portfolio includes key copper royalties on Osisko Metals' Gaspé Copper Project and Red Brook property, alongside interests in Grande Vallée and Prud'homme.
Reasoning: The company is acquiring a significant portfolio of seven royalties for US$6.2 million, strengthening its copper exposure in Canada.
Positive factors
- Acquisition of seven royalty interests
- Direct exposure to Gaspé copper district
- Strategic expansion of Canadian footprint
- Includes high-upside copper royalties
Negative factors
- Subject to customary closing conditions
- Includes historical estimates that are non-compliant
Facts used in scoring: 15
Classification and evidence
QA/QC Disclosedpositive · Story-specific tag
Release includes QA/QC disclosure — certified lab, QP sign-off, or stated methods (blanks, standards, duplicates).
Why it applies: The release mentions a Qualified Person (Vincent Cardin-Tremblay, P.Geo.) has reviewed the scientific and technical content.
Evidence · text
“reviewed and approved by Vincent Cardin-Tremblay, P.Geo., Chief Operating Officer of the Company, who is a “qualified person” as defined by National Instrument 43-101”
Historical Estimate Onlynegative · Story-specific tag
Estimate pre-dates or does not comply with current JORC/NI 43-101 standards — requires verification drilling.
Why it applies: The document contains several historical mineral inventory estimates that are not compliant with current NI 43-101 standards.
Evidence · text
“This historical estimate is not compliant with current NI 43-101 standards and should not be relied upon as current mineral resources.”
Extracted facts
Stored fact records: 15. Some facts used in scoring do not have a stored record.
Drill Results (3)
30-0943Porphyry Mountain · copperGrade: 0.7Grade Unit: %Intercept: 852 mHistorical resultNeeds review: historical_restatementView all detailsHide details
Identity
- Hole ID
- 30-0943
- Project
- Porphyry Mountain
- Commodity
- copper
- Region
- canada_qc
- Reported Region
- canada_qc
- Ticker
- EVR
Geometry
- Grade
- 0.7
- Grade Unit
- %
- Intercept
- 852 m
- From
- 0 m
- To
- 852 m
- Intercept Depth
- 0 m
Classification
- Sample Type
- drill
- Group ID
- 30-0943:0-852
QA/QC
- QP Signed
- Yes
- QA/QC Methods
- standards
Review
- Needs Review
- Yes
- Review Reason
- historical_restatement
- Interp. Status
- scored
- Historical
- Yes
- Historical Source Date
- 2026-02-05T00:00:00.000Z
Dates
- Event date
- 2026-10-19T00:00:00.000Z
Reasoning: Large intercept of 852m at 0.70% Cu reported as historical data.
Positive factors
- Significant intercept width
Negative factors
- Historical data
Evidence · text
“Hole 30-0943 at Porphyry Mountain intersected 852 metres grading 0.70% Cu”
Tags used in scoring
No QA/QC Disclosurenegative
Release does not disclose QA/QC — lab certification, CP/QP sign-off and assay protocols cannot be checked from this document.
Why it applies: qaqc_disclosed is not true
Cut-off Undisclosednegative
High-grade interval reported without stating the cut-off grade used for compositing.
Why it applies: no cutoff_grade was stated
Stale Data Re-releasenegative
Historical results re-announced with no new assays or reinterpretation — low genuine novelty.
Why it applies: the fact restates a prior release
30-0943Porphyry Mountain · silverGrade: 2.92Grade Unit: g/tIntercept: 852 mHistorical resultNeeds review: historical_restatementView all detailsHide details
Identity
- Hole ID
- 30-0943
- Project
- Porphyry Mountain
- Commodity
- silver
- Region
- canada_qc
- Reported Region
- canada_qc
- Ticker
- EVR
Geometry
- Grade
- 2.92
- Grade Unit
- g/t
- Intercept
- 852 m
- From
- 0 m
- To
- 852 m
- Intercept Depth
- 0 m
Classification
- Sample Type
- drill
- Group ID
- 30-0943:0-852
QA/QC
- QP Signed
- Yes
- QA/QC Methods
- standards
Review
- Needs Review
- Yes
- Review Reason
- historical_restatement
- Interp. Status
- scored
- Historical
- Yes
- Historical Source Date
- 2026-02-05T00:00:00.000Z
Dates
- Event date
- 2026-10-19T00:00:00.000Z
Reasoning: Silver grade reported as part of historical intercept.
Negative factors
- Historical data
Evidence · text
“2.92 g/t Ag”
Tags used in scoring
No QA/QC Disclosurenegative
Release does not disclose QA/QC — lab certification, CP/QP sign-off and assay protocols cannot be checked from this document.
Why it applies: qaqc_disclosed is not true
Cut-off Undisclosednegative
High-grade interval reported without stating the cut-off grade used for compositing.
Why it applies: no cutoff_grade was stated
Stale Data Re-releasenegative
Historical results re-announced with no new assays or reinterpretation — low genuine novelty.
Why it applies: the fact restates a prior release
30-0943Porphyry Mountain · molybdenumGrade: 0.062Grade Unit: %Intercept: 852 mHistorical resultNeeds review: historical_restatementView all detailsHide details
Identity
- Hole ID
- 30-0943
- Project
- Porphyry Mountain
- Commodity
- molybdenum
- Region
- canada_qc
- Reported Region
- canada_qc
- Ticker
- EVR
Geometry
- Grade
- 0.062
- Grade Unit
- %
- Intercept
- 852 m
- From
- 0 m
- To
- 852 m
- Intercept Depth
- 0 m
Classification
- Sample Type
- drill
- Group ID
- 30-0943:0-852
QA/QC
- QP Signed
- Yes
- QA/QC Methods
- standards
Review
- Needs Review
- Yes
- Review Reason
- historical_restatement
- Interp. Status
- scored
- Historical
- Yes
- Historical Source Date
- 2026-02-05T00:00:00.000Z
Dates
- Event date
- 2026-10-19T00:00:00.000Z
Reasoning: Molybdenum grade reported as part of historical intercept.
Negative factors
- Historical data
Evidence · text
“0.062% Mo”
Tags used in scoring
No QA/QC Disclosurenegative
Release does not disclose QA/QC — lab certification, CP/QP sign-off and assay protocols cannot be checked from this document.
Why it applies: qaqc_disclosed is not true
Cut-off Undisclosednegative
High-grade interval reported without stating the cut-off grade used for compositing.
Why it applies: no cutoff_grade was stated
Stale Data Re-releasenegative
Historical results re-announced with no new assays or reinterpretation — low genuine novelty.
Why it applies: the fact restates a prior release
Resource Estimates (12)
indicatedcopperTonnes: 437000000Grade: 0.58Grade Unit: %Historical resultNeeds review: historical_restatementView all detailsHide details
Identity
- Commodity
- copper
- Region
- canada_qc
- Reported Region
- Québec
- Ticker
- EVR
Resource scope
- Estimate type
- resource
- Resource group id
- resource:0679bf28933031f1ed71
Resource Data
- Category
- indicated
- Tonnes
- 437000000
- Grade
- 0.58
- Grade Unit
- %
Review
- Needs Review
- Yes
- Review Reason
- historical_restatement
- Historical
- Yes
Dates
- Event date
- 2026-10-19T00:00:00.000Z
Reasoning: Historical mineral inventory estimate for Porphyry Mountain.
Negative factors
- Non-compliant with NI 43-101
- Historical estimate
Evidence · text
“historical mineral inventory estimate of 437 million tonnes grading 0.58% Cu”
Tags used in scoring
Indicated Resourcepositive
Reasonable geological confidence based on adequate drilling; continuity can be assumed. Basis for Probable Reserves.
Why it applies: category is "indicated"
Cut-off Undisclosednegative
High-grade interval reported without stating the cut-off grade used for compositing.
Why it applies: no cutoff_grade was stated
No Contained Metalnegative
Tonnage and grade reported but contained metal not calculated or disclosed — incomplete reporting.
Why it applies: contained_metal was not reported
PEA-Supportingneutral
Resource estimate prepared to support a Preliminary Economic Assessment — early-stage study.
Why it applies: the release names the study this estimate supports
indicatedmolybdenumTonnes: 437000000Grade: 0.073Grade Unit: %Historical resultNeeds review: historical_restatementView all detailsHide details
Identity
- Commodity
- molybdenum
- Region
- canada_qc
- Reported Region
- Québec
- Ticker
- EVR
Resource scope
- Estimate type
- resource
- Resource group id
- resource:0679bf28933031f1ed71
Resource Data
- Category
- indicated
- Tonnes
- 437000000
- Grade
- 0.073
- Grade Unit
- %
Review
- Needs Review
- Yes
- Review Reason
- historical_restatement
- Historical
- Yes
Dates
- Event date
- 2026-10-19T00:00:00.000Z
Reasoning: Historical molybdenum grade.
Negative factors
- Non-compliant with NI 43-101
Evidence · text
“0.073% Mo”
Tags used in scoring
Indicated Resourcepositive
Reasonable geological confidence based on adequate drilling; continuity can be assumed. Basis for Probable Reserves.
Why it applies: category is "indicated"
Cut-off Undisclosednegative
High-grade interval reported without stating the cut-off grade used for compositing.
Why it applies: no cutoff_grade was stated
No Contained Metalnegative
Tonnage and grade reported but contained metal not calculated or disclosed — incomplete reporting.
Why it applies: contained_metal was not reported
PEA-Supportingneutral
Resource estimate prepared to support a Preliminary Economic Assessment — early-stage study.
Why it applies: the release names the study this estimate supports
indicatedsilverTonnes: 437000000Grade: 2.37Grade Unit: g/tHistorical resultNeeds review: historical_restatementView all detailsHide details
Identity
- Commodity
- silver
- Region
- canada_qc
- Reported Region
- Québec
- Ticker
- EVR
Resource scope
- Estimate type
- resource
- Resource group id
- resource:0679bf28933031f1ed71
Resource Data
- Category
- indicated
- Tonnes
- 437000000
- Grade
- 2.37
- Grade Unit
- g/t
Review
- Needs Review
- Yes
- Review Reason
- historical_restatement
- Historical
- Yes
Dates
- Event date
- 2026-10-19T00:00:00.000Z
Reasoning: Historical silver grade.
Negative factors
- Non-compliant with NI 43-101
Evidence · text
“2.37 g/t Ag”
Tags used in scoring
Indicated Resourcepositive
Reasonable geological confidence based on adequate drilling; continuity can be assumed. Basis for Probable Reserves.
Why it applies: category is "indicated"
Cut-off Undisclosednegative
High-grade interval reported without stating the cut-off grade used for compositing.
Why it applies: no cutoff_grade was stated
No Contained Metalnegative
Tonnage and grade reported but contained metal not calculated or disclosed — incomplete reporting.
Why it applies: contained_metal was not reported
PEA-Supportingneutral
Resource estimate prepared to support a Preliminary Economic Assessment — early-stage study.
Why it applies: the release names the study this estimate supports
indicatedaluminaTonnes: 1040000000Grade: 23.37Grade Unit: % Al₂O₃Historical resultNeeds review: historical_restatementView all detailsHide details
Identity
- Commodity
- alumina
- Region
- canada_qc
- Reported Region
- Québec
- Ticker
- EVR
Resource scope
- Estimate type
- resource
- Resource group id
- resource:62c2f1afda61d365b554
Resource Data
- Category
- indicated
- Tonnes
- 1040000000
- Grade
- 23.37
- Grade Unit
- % Al₂O₃
Review
- Needs Review
- Yes
- Review Reason
- historical_restatement
- Historical
- Yes
Dates
- Event date
- 2026-10-19T00:00:00.000Z
Reasoning: Historical Indicated Mineral Resource for Grande Vallée.
Negative factors
- Non-compliant with NI 43-101
- Historical estimate
Evidence · text
“historical Indicated Mineral Resource of 1.04 billion tonnes grading 23.37% Al₂O₃”
Tags used in scoring
Indicated Resourcepositive
Reasonable geological confidence based on adequate drilling; continuity can be assumed. Basis for Probable Reserves.
Why it applies: category is "indicated"
Cut-off Undisclosednegative
High-grade interval reported without stating the cut-off grade used for compositing.
Why it applies: no cutoff_grade was stated
No Contained Metalnegative
Tonnage and grade reported but contained metal not calculated or disclosed — incomplete reporting.
Why it applies: contained_metal was not reported
PEA-Supportingneutral
Resource estimate prepared to support a Preliminary Economic Assessment — early-stage study.
Why it applies: the release names the study this estimate supports
indicatedcopperTonnes: 4580000Grade: 1.4Grade Unit: %Historical resultNeeds review: historical_restatementView all detailsHide details
Identity
- Commodity
- copper
- Region
- canada_qc
- Reported Region
- Québec
- Ticker
- EVR
Resource scope
- Estimate type
- resource
- Resource group id
- resource:0aa527ee0a489aca3e35
Resource Data
- Category
- indicated
- Tonnes
- 4580000
- Grade
- 1.4
- Grade Unit
- %
Review
- Needs Review
- Yes
- Review Reason
- historical_restatement
- Historical
- Yes
Dates
- Event date
- 2026-10-19T00:00:00.000Z
Reasoning: Historical mineral inventory estimate for Prud'homme 1 South.
Negative factors
- Non-compliant with NI 43-101
- Historical estimate
Evidence · text
“4.58 million tonnes grading 1.40% Cu”
Tags used in scoring
Indicated Resourcepositive
Reasonable geological confidence based on adequate drilling; continuity can be assumed. Basis for Probable Reserves.
Why it applies: category is "indicated"
Cut-off Undisclosednegative
High-grade interval reported without stating the cut-off grade used for compositing.
Why it applies: no cutoff_grade was stated
No Contained Metalnegative
Tonnage and grade reported but contained metal not calculated or disclosed — incomplete reporting.
Why it applies: contained_metal was not reported
PEA-Supportingneutral
Resource estimate prepared to support a Preliminary Economic Assessment — early-stage study.
Why it applies: the release names the study this estimate supports
indicatedzincTonnes: 4580000Grade: 1.66Grade Unit: %Historical resultNeeds review: historical_restatementView all detailsHide details
Identity
- Commodity
- zinc
- Region
- canada_qc
- Reported Region
- Québec
- Ticker
- EVR
Resource scope
- Estimate type
- resource
- Resource group id
- resource:0aa527ee0a489aca3e35
Resource Data
- Category
- indicated
- Tonnes
- 4580000
- Grade
- 1.66
- Grade Unit
- %
Review
- Needs Review
- Yes
- Review Reason
- historical_restatement
- Historical
- Yes
Dates
- Event date
- 2026-10-19T00:00:00.000Z
Reasoning: Historical zinc grade.
Negative factors
- Non-compliant with NI 43-101
Evidence · text
“1.66% Zn”
Tags used in scoring
Indicated Resourcepositive
Reasonable geological confidence based on adequate drilling; continuity can be assumed. Basis for Probable Reserves.
Why it applies: category is "indicated"
Cut-off Undisclosednegative
High-grade interval reported without stating the cut-off grade used for compositing.
Why it applies: no cutoff_grade was stated
No Contained Metalnegative
Tonnage and grade reported but contained metal not calculated or disclosed — incomplete reporting.
Why it applies: contained_metal was not reported
PEA-Supportingneutral
Resource estimate prepared to support a Preliminary Economic Assessment — early-stage study.
Why it applies: the release names the study this estimate supports
indicatedgoldTonnes: 4580000Grade: 1.5Grade Unit: g/tHistorical resultNeeds review: historical_restatementView all detailsHide details
Identity
- Commodity
- gold
- Region
- canada_qc
- Reported Region
- Québec
- Ticker
- EVR
Resource scope
- Estimate type
- resource
- Resource group id
- resource:0aa527ee0a489aca3e35
Resource Data
- Category
- indicated
- Tonnes
- 4580000
- Grade
- 1.5
- Grade Unit
- g/t
Review
- Needs Review
- Yes
- Review Reason
- historical_restatement
- Historical
- Yes
Dates
- Event date
- 2026-10-19T00:00:00.000Z
Reasoning: Historical gold grade.
Negative factors
- Non-compliant with NI 43-101
Evidence · text
“1.5 g/t Au”
Tags used in scoring
Indicated Resourcepositive
Reasonable geological confidence based on adequate drilling; continuity can be assumed. Basis for Probable Reserves.
Why it applies: category is "indicated"
Cut-off Undisclosednegative
High-grade interval reported without stating the cut-off grade used for compositing.
Why it applies: no cutoff_grade was stated
No Contained Metalnegative
Tonnage and grade reported but contained metal not calculated or disclosed — incomplete reporting.
Why it applies: contained_metal was not reported
PEA-Supportingneutral
Resource estimate prepared to support a Preliminary Economic Assessment — early-stage study.
Why it applies: the release names the study this estimate supports
indicatedsilverTonnes: 4580000Grade: 23Grade Unit: g/tHistorical resultNeeds review: historical_restatementView all detailsHide details
Identity
- Commodity
- silver
- Region
- canada_qc
- Reported Region
- Québec
- Ticker
- EVR
Resource scope
- Estimate type
- resource
- Resource group id
- resource:0aa527ee0a489aca3e35
Resource Data
- Category
- indicated
- Tonnes
- 4580000
- Grade
- 23
- Grade Unit
- g/t
Review
- Needs Review
- Yes
- Review Reason
- historical_restatement
- Historical
- Yes
Dates
- Event date
- 2026-10-19T00:00:00.000Z
Reasoning: Historical silver grade.
Negative factors
- Non-compliant with NI 43-101
Evidence · text
“23 g/t Ag”
Tags used in scoring
Indicated Resourcepositive
Reasonable geological confidence based on adequate drilling; continuity can be assumed. Basis for Probable Reserves.
Why it applies: category is "indicated"
Cut-off Undisclosednegative
High-grade interval reported without stating the cut-off grade used for compositing.
Why it applies: no cutoff_grade was stated
No Contained Metalnegative
Tonnage and grade reported but contained metal not calculated or disclosed — incomplete reporting.
Why it applies: contained_metal was not reported
PEA-Supportingneutral
Resource estimate prepared to support a Preliminary Economic Assessment — early-stage study.
Why it applies: the release names the study this estimate supports
indicatedcopperTonnes: 1150000Grade: 2Grade Unit: %Historical resultNeeds review: historical_restatementView all detailsHide details
Identity
- Commodity
- copper
- Region
- canada_qc
- Reported Region
- Québec
- Ticker
- EVR
Resource scope
- Estimate type
- resource
- Resource group id
- resource:8c74a118dfe09058c3de
Resource Data
- Category
- indicated
- Tonnes
- 1150000
- Grade
- 2
- Grade Unit
- %
Review
- Needs Review
- Yes
- Review Reason
- historical_restatement
- Historical
- Yes
Dates
- Event date
- 2026-10-19T00:00:00.000Z
Reasoning: Historical mineral inventory estimate for Prud'homme 1 North.
Negative factors
- Non-compliant with NI 43-101
Evidence · text
“1.15 million tonnes grading 2.00% Cu”
Tags used in scoring
Indicated Resourcepositive
Reasonable geological confidence based on adequate drilling; continuity can be assumed. Basis for Probable Reserves.
Why it applies: category is "indicated"
Cut-off Undisclosednegative
High-grade interval reported without stating the cut-off grade used for compositing.
Why it applies: no cutoff_grade was stated
No Contained Metalnegative
Tonnage and grade reported but contained metal not calculated or disclosed — incomplete reporting.
Why it applies: contained_metal was not reported
PEA-Supportingneutral
Resource estimate prepared to support a Preliminary Economic Assessment — early-stage study.
Why it applies: the release names the study this estimate supports
indicatedzincTonnes: 1150000Grade: 2.31Grade Unit: %Historical resultNeeds review: historical_restatementView all detailsHide details
Identity
- Commodity
- zinc
- Region
- canada_qc
- Reported Region
- Québec
- Ticker
- EVR
Resource scope
- Estimate type
- resource
- Resource group id
- resource:8c74a118dfe09058c3de
Resource Data
- Category
- indicated
- Tonnes
- 1150000
- Grade
- 2.31
- Grade Unit
- %
Review
- Needs Review
- Yes
- Review Reason
- historical_restatement
- Historical
- Yes
Dates
- Event date
- 2026-10-19T00:00:00.000Z
Reasoning: Historical zinc grade.
Negative factors
- Non-compliant with NI 43-101
Evidence · text
“2.31% Zn”
Tags used in scoring
Indicated Resourcepositive
Reasonable geological confidence based on adequate drilling; continuity can be assumed. Basis for Probable Reserves.
Why it applies: category is "indicated"
Cut-off Undisclosednegative
High-grade interval reported without stating the cut-off grade used for compositing.
Why it applies: no cutoff_grade was stated
No Contained Metalnegative
Tonnage and grade reported but contained metal not calculated or disclosed — incomplete reporting.
Why it applies: contained_metal was not reported
PEA-Supportingneutral
Resource estimate prepared to support a Preliminary Economic Assessment — early-stage study.
Why it applies: the release names the study this estimate supports
indicatedgoldTonnes: 1150000Grade: 2Grade Unit: g/tHistorical resultNeeds review: historical_restatementView all detailsHide details
Identity
- Commodity
- gold
- Region
- canada_qc
- Reported Region
- Québec
- Ticker
- EVR
Resource scope
- Estimate type
- resource
- Resource group id
- resource:8c74a118dfe09058c3de
Resource Data
- Category
- indicated
- Tonnes
- 1150000
- Grade
- 2
- Grade Unit
- g/t
Review
- Needs Review
- Yes
- Review Reason
- historical_restatement
- Historical
- Yes
Dates
- Event date
- 2026-10-19T00:00:00.000Z
Reasoning: Historical gold grade.
Negative factors
- Non-compliant with NI 43-101
Evidence · text
“2.0 g/t Au”
Tags used in scoring
Indicated Resourcepositive
Reasonable geological confidence based on adequate drilling; continuity can be assumed. Basis for Probable Reserves.
Why it applies: category is "indicated"
Cut-off Undisclosednegative
High-grade interval reported without stating the cut-off grade used for compositing.
Why it applies: no cutoff_grade was stated
No Contained Metalnegative
Tonnage and grade reported but contained metal not calculated or disclosed — incomplete reporting.
Why it applies: contained_metal was not reported
PEA-Supportingneutral
Resource estimate prepared to support a Preliminary Economic Assessment — early-stage study.
Why it applies: the release names the study this estimate supports
indicatedsilverTonnes: 1150000Grade: 38Grade Unit: g/tHistorical resultNeeds review: historical_restatementView all detailsHide details
Identity
- Commodity
- silver
- Region
- canada_qc
- Reported Region
- Québec
- Ticker
- EVR
Resource scope
- Estimate type
- resource
- Resource group id
- resource:8c74a118dfe09058c3de
Resource Data
- Category
- indicated
- Tonnes
- 1150000
- Grade
- 38
- Grade Unit
- g/t
Review
- Needs Review
- Yes
- Review Reason
- historical_restatement
- Historical
- Yes
Dates
- Event date
- 2026-10-19T00:00:00.000Z
Reasoning: Historical silver grade.
Negative factors
- Non-compliant with NI 43-101
Evidence · text
“38 g/t Ag”
Tags used in scoring
Indicated Resourcepositive
Reasonable geological confidence based on adequate drilling; continuity can be assumed. Basis for Probable Reserves.
Why it applies: category is "indicated"
Cut-off Undisclosednegative
High-grade interval reported without stating the cut-off grade used for compositing.
Why it applies: no cutoff_grade was stated
No Contained Metalnegative
Tonnage and grade reported but contained metal not calculated or disclosed — incomplete reporting.
Why it applies: contained_metal was not reported
PEA-Supportingneutral
Resource estimate prepared to support a Preliminary Economic Assessment — early-stage study.
Why it applies: the release names the study this estimate supports
How Atlas produces this analysis
Minestarters Atlas uses automated extraction to summarize mining announcements, identify reported measurements, and classify supporting evidence. Sentiment reflects the extracted narrative and classification rules; it is an interpretation, not a reported measurement. Evidence quotes and context are provided where available. Missing data, low-confidence results, and review flags indicate limitations. Check the original publisher announcement before relying on an interpretation.